Vol. 11, no.2, 2019
РусскийEnglish

NUCLEAR PHYSICS



SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS UNDER IRRADIATION BY BRAKING GAMMA-RAYS OF PALLADIUM IN CONDENSED GASES
Alexander Yu. Didyk, Gennady V. Mishinsky, Vasily A. Semin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, http://www.jinr.ru/
6, str. Joliot Curie, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
Roland Wiśniewski, Teresa Wilczyńska-Kitowska
National Centre for Nuclear Research, https://www.ncbj.gov.pl/
ul. Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Świerk, Poland

Received 24.05.2019, accepted 30.05.2019
Abstract. The article is a review of the experimental results obtained by the authors over the past 8 years on the synthesis of chemical elements in gases compressed up to 3 kbar with its long (up to tens of hours) gamma irradiation in the presence of cylindrical samples of metallic palladium. The chambers were irradiated by braking gamma rays with a maximum energy of 10 MeV at the electron accelerator of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna (Moscow region). In addition to palladium, the reaction chamber contained other structural details made of brass or copper, beryllium bronze and manganin foil. Experiments were carried out with palladium in deuterium, with palladium and tin in hydrogen, with palladium in helium. In all experiments, after irradiation, numerous solid-state microstructures of various sizes (up to 1 mm) and shapes were found on the surfaces of the chamber's parts, as well as on the surface of the palladium. X-ray micro-probe analysis of these structures showed the presence of a wide range of chemical elements (from carbon to lead), which were absent in the reaction chamber prior to irradiating. The article presents numerous quantitative histograms of concentrations of the elements found. Preliminary hypotheses are proposed for the synthesis of chemical elements under the experimental conditions.

Keywords: condensed gas, high-pressure chambers, gamma radiation, surface microstructures, X-ray analysis, photonuclear reactions, low-energy nuclear reactions, cold nuclear fusion

PACS: 25.20.-x; 25.70.-z; 25.70.Jj

RENSIT, 2019, 11(2):143-160 DOI: 10.17725/rensit.2019.11.143

Full-text electronic version of this article - web site http://en.rensit.ru/vypuski/article/283/11(2)143-160e.pdf